A character (
) used to indicate that a checkmark choice is turned on. Absence of the checkmark means the option is off.
See also toggle and checkmark choice.
! A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
An operating system that uses 16-bit segmented addressing. Examples are DOS and Windows 3.x.
See also 32-bit environment.
An operating system that uses 32-bit flat addressing. Examples are Windows 95 and Windows NT.
See also 16-bit environment.
A class which does not act as a creator of instance objects. Abstract classes implement behavior for their subclasses.
A defined task that an application performs on an object. You request actions by selecting menu choices, pressing buttons or directly manipulating objects.
See also graphical object.
A mechanism in some Web servers, enabling Web pages to contain server-side scripts. Such a page, when requested by a browser, is executed by the Web server instead of simply being sent. The scripts should be written to generate valid HTML. The Web server then sends the page to the browser, with the scripts replaced by the generated HTML.
See ASP page.
The scripts can be written in any scripting language supported by the ASP engine in the Web server. The most popular is VBScript, which has a syntax resembling a simplified Visual Basic. Another is JScript. The version of JScript in Netscape Web servers is called JavaScript. (Despite a superficial similarity in syntax, JScript and JavaScript have no connection whatever with the Java programming language.)
Since Active Server Pages is the name of a facility, the term is singular.
ASP and JavaServer Pages (JSP)and can be regarded as equivalent facilities, with ASP being the "Microsoft-world" one and JSP the "Java-world" one.
The window that can currently receive input from the keyboard, distinguished by an emphasized title bar and border.
See also current object.
In effect, a synonym for Component Object Model (COM)
A name for OLE controls, replacing the former term OCX control. ActiveX controls can additionally be downloaded over an intranet or the Internet, and viewed in an ActiveX enabled Web browser, such as Internet Explorer 4.0 or above.
See OLE control.
A form, for display in a Web browser, which uses the Microsoft ActiveX layout control. You can place the controls anywhere on an ActiveX layout form, and your form will appear in a Web browser exactly as intended. This contrasts with a traditional HTML form, where the final appearance of your form is determined by the way a Web browser interprets HTML markup.
ActiveX layout forms can only be displayed by ActiveX-enabled Web browsers, such as Internet Explorer 4.0 or above.
The run-time support module that executes the code generated from the Enhanced ACCEPT/DISPLAY syntax available in this COBOL system.
See also Enhanced ACCEPT/DISPLAY.
Abbreviations referring to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards covering the COBOL language. ANSI'74 is the American National Standard X3.23-1974, and ANSI'85 is the ANS X3.23-1985.
Calls to public entry points within a program - such as the Windows operating system - made according to a documented call interface. The calls can be made from any compatible programming language, including this COBOL system.
A component that typically executes in a Web browser, but can execute in a variety of other applications or devices that support the applet programming model.
A set of programs and subprograms which are invoked from a single command.
A version of the run-time system modified to run in a special Enterprise Server mode.
A service in which the COBOL application manages its own transactions: the application issues its own COMMITs, ROLLBACKS etc.
A set of documented function calls implemented within a program - such as an operating system - that can be called by other programs to enable them to use common services.
1. An environment for deploying software componentssuch as EJB components so they will be loaded and run in response to requests from clientapplications. Normally handles administrative matters such as security and scalability automatically, so programmers writing components can concentrate on writing just business logic.
Microsoft Transaction System (MTS)runningCOM objects, and an application server running EJB components, can be regarded as similar facilities, with MTS being the "Microsoft-world" one and application servers the "Java-world" one.
2. In Micro Focus usage only, the set of files supplied with Net Express that our customer is allowed to ship on to his/her customers. This usage was established in Micro Focus before the other meaning of the term became common.
Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, the code used for storing text in microcomputers. Each character is stored in one byte. There are two forms: standard and extended. In the standard form, seven bits are used, and 128 different characters are represented. This COBOL system uses the extended form, in which all eight bits are used and 256 different characters are represented.
A Web page with the extension .asp, which is recognized by the Web server as meaning it contains scripts for execution by the ASP engine in the Web server.
The root class of the OO COBOL Class Library. All other OO COBOL programs supplied with this system inherit their fundamental behavior from Base.
The main part of a file-name, that is, the name excluding the path, extension and separators such as "\" and ".".
A Micro Focus protocol for passing information between a J2EE connector and a service.
See binary protocol.
A fixed-size graphic such as those used for toolbar buttons, icons, or mouse pointers.
A Dialog System object used mainly for decoration, to draw attention to buttons or to place items such as logos in a window or dialog box.
The current thread stops execution until some condition is satisfied. This condition varies; for example, in the case of an event, the event is posted, in the case of a mutex, the mutex is acquired, in the case of a monitor, the request privilege on the monitor can be acquired.
A user-defined index entry in an on-line help file. You set a bookmark at any point in any topic and give it a name. This is then stored, in alphabetic order, in a list of bookmarks. Bookmarks are retained between executions of the On-line Help Builder. Accessing a defined bookmark from an alphabetically ordered list immediately displays the topic it is attached to. It is useful to attach bookmarks to frequently accessed topics. However, they can also be used as a temporary means of marking your place while you go off and browse other topics.
A visual indication of the boundaries of an object such as a window or a push button.
See also sizable border.
The limits of a table or array. The BOUND directive determines if compiled code will allow bounds to be exceeded.
A point in a program where execution will pause when you are animating it; you set breakpoints in the debugger.
A sequence of topics that the author of an on-line help file has chained together. The chain can be browsed forward and backward by the user. Use this facility to connect together topics of a similar subject. If no browse chains are defined, the whole on-line help file becomes a browse chain, with each topic chained to the physically preceding and following topics.
A thread that can both read and write data. During a read operation, a browser needs to allow other threads to read the data. If the browser writes data, other threads must be disallowed access to the data.
Or
A program used to view material prepared for the World Wide Web. Browsers are able to interpret URL's and HTML markup, and also understand several Internet protocols.
An edit field that is associated with an up/down control and is used to display the current value set in the control. The buddy window receives messages directly from the up/down control.
The process of converting source code to executable code. Typically, building an application might involve preprocessing header files, syntax checking and compiling the source code, and linking the resulting object code to produce a system executable file.
Remote communication between applications running on different companies' computers, where one company is a customer or partner of the other. Often suggested as an area where Web Services might be useful.
A control you can use to start an action or select behavior. Examples are check boxes, pushbuttons, radio buttons and spin buttons.
See also control and pushbutton.
A set of pushbuttons labeled with text representing application commands.
See also pushbutton.
An object oriented programming language.
A definition of the syntax of a CALL statement using placeholders instead of real parameters. Call prototypes are used in header and copyfiles to enable the Compiler to check that CALL statements in your code conform to the specified syntax, and to raise an error message if they do not.
The Callable File Handler is a module in the COBOL system that processes index, sequential and relative files. As a defined API is available to this module, it is called the Callable File Handler as it can be called directly from any program (not only those written in COBOL).
An object of class CallBack stores a reference to an object and the name of a method implemented by that object. When the CallBack object is sent the "invoke" message, it executes the named method in the object it has stored.
The COBOL program that calls Dialog System using the screenset as the user interface.
An addition the HTML standard which enables presentation information to be separated from structure in an HTML document. Styles can be attached to HTML elements, through a STYLE attribute on an individual element, a <STYLE>...</STYLE> block which names element types in the head of an HTML document, or through separate .css files. Styles can also be defined as classes in a .css file or <STYLE>...</STYLE> block, and attached to elements through the CLASS attribute.
Stylesheets cascade through a system of precedence, whereby styles in .css files have the lowest precedence, and those declared in a STYLE attribute have the highest.
A simplified linking utility with a command-line interface. You can use Cbllink to compile and link in one step.
A linking utility that you must run before you use the Linker. Cblnames extracts all public symbols from a list of .obj files passed to it and creates another file (cbllds.obj) which must then be linked with your .obj files.
EitherCommon Communications Interface, a Micro Focus technology or Common Client Interface, a Sun technology for J2EE.
The CCITCP2 process is a registration program which is needed in order to make CCITCP connections. The process runs in background mode. Only a single CCITCP2 process needs to be active on a network in order for CCITCP to work.
When creating a topic in an on-line help file, pictures can be created from the standard characters available. These are called character graphics. In order to maintain the vertical alignment of these graphics the lines are blocked together using the :cgraphic and :ecgraphic tags. The access and display programs ensure that the vertical alignment is maintained when a character graphic block is displayed, by specifying a monospaced font for those lines.
An instance of the class CharacterArray. A CharacterArray is an object which contains a string of any length. CharacterArrays are a convenient way of passing strings as parameters when sending messages or making CALLs.
See also messages.
A square box with associated text that represents a choice. When selected, it is marked with a checkmark. You deselect it by repeating the action that selected it, for example, by clicking on it again. Check boxes are used for a set of choices that are not mutually exclusive.
The first phase of compilation, which checks the syntax of your COBOL source program and produces intermediate code.
See also intermediate code.
The two phases of compilation are sometimes treated as if they were two separate compilers. The first phase of compilation is thus sometimes called the Checker.
See also check phase.
A character () used to indicate that a checkmark choice is turned on. Absence of the checkmark means the option is off.
See also toggle and checkmark choice.
A choice in a menu which has two states, on or off. Clicking on the option turns the checkmark on and off, toggling between the two states.
A run unit created by another run unit.
A window whose parent is another window, not the desktop. In Microsoft Windows, child windows are restricted in their properties and attributes. In Dialog System, child windows are called secondary windows.
Graphics or text that a user can select to modify or manipulate an object. Choices appear on menus (also called menu items) and buttons.
Pressing both mouse buttons simultaneously.
An OO COBOL program which contains the code and data descriptions for a class object and its instance objects. It is also known as the class program. A class consists of nested COBOL programs, which correspond to class object and instance object methods. Each class starts with an identifier naming the class and the class from which it inherits. When a class is loaded at run-time, the OO run-time system creates the class object.
Lists all the classes the program is going to use. The Class-Control paragraph is part of the Object Section, in the Environment Division. Each entry links a class name to the filename of the class executable file. The class-names are the object references which the program uses for sending messages to the class object at run-time.
If the program itself is an OO COBOL class, the Class-Control paragraph also lists its superclass, and the class itself.
See also: class, class object, object reference, and superclass.
An object which is a template for the creation of instance objects of the same type. For example, the the OrderedCollection class object creates instances of OrderedCollection. The class object itself does not have the same behavior and methods as the instance objects which it creates.
By analogy, a biscuit cutter is a template for creating biscuits; however, you can't eat a biscuit cutter and you can't stamp a biscuit from another biscuit. In OO COBOL, all the methods and data for a class object and the instance objects which it creates are represented by a class program.
The class object is created at run-time when a class is loaded.
See also class.
The set of classes supplied with OO COBOL. The root class of the Class Library, Base, implements basic behavior for all classes, and provides a superclass for your own classes. There are also classes to implement collections, exception handlers, CallBacks, and GUI interfaces.
See class.
An environment variable, used by the Java system, to locate compiled .class files.
To press and release a mouse button (from the noise that this action makes).
To press and hold a mouse button and move the mouse pointer in the desired direction and then release the button.
The user of a service. In the context of Web Services, it is usually an application that invokes a Web service
The part of a window that constitutes the available workspace for an application.
A secondary window opened by an application.
A storage area used to hold data (text or graphics) temporarily during cut and paste operations.
How a secondary window is displayed in Dialog System. A window is clipped if any part of it that would overlap the boundary of the parent window is not displayed. A window is not clipped if it overlaps the boundary of the parent window. Secondary windows may have different properties depending on whether they are clipped or not.
See secondary window (clipped) and secondary window (non-clipped).
The process of copying a project and its source files to a different directory (using a different name if required) whilst keeping all the dependencies and build settings intact. Useful for creating a working version of an existing project whilst keeping the original intact.
An environment variable that contains a list of the paths of the COBOL system directories. Each path is separated from the next by a semicolon (;).
Generate... on the Dialog System File menu creates a COPY-file from the Data Block. ds-cntrl.ans and ds-cntrl.mf are COPY-files representing the Dialog System Control Block. dssysinf.cpy represents the Dialog System Event Block.
A set of directories which are automatically searched by the COBOL run-time system to locate programs. They are identified by the COBDIR environment variable. The files of the COBOL system should be kept in the COBOL system directories.
A type of object used for storing a group of elements. Collections are analogous to tables in COBOL, but unlike a table, a collection is not necessarily fixed to an initial size, but can grow as more elements are added. The elements in a collection are usually objects, although you can also store certain types of string and numeric data. The OO COBOL Class Library provides many different types of collection, which organize data in different ways.
An application that has been registered under Component Object Model (COM)and so can be called by other applications.
Also known as combo box or selection list box.
The Common Client Interface (CCI) is defined by Sun. It is an application programming interface (API) for J2EE resource adapters (also known loosely as connectors) that connect to Enterprise Information Servers (EISs), such as Enterprise Server for Windows.
The Common Communications Interface (CCI) is an application programming interface (API) which enables application designers to build platform and protocol independent communications into their applications.
Common Gateway Interface - a standard for external gateway programs to interface with information servers such as HTTP servers. CGI programs are usually run when an end-user enters some information into an HTML or ActiveX layout form displayed on a Web browser, and clicks a Submit button. The CGI program receives the information from the form, and sends back a result for display on the Web browser.
CGI and CGI program are terms often used to describe any kind of server-side program which runs on a Web server. Net Express tools create CGI programs, which you can convert to other Web server APIs (ISAPI or NSAPI) by recompiling and rebuilding.
A server that accepts client requests arriving at multiple IP addresses and sends responses to them. Handles a variety of communications protocols.
The component that checks the syntax of your COBOL source program, and converts it to native code.
The Compiler operates in two phases. The first phase is called the check phase; during this phase, the compiler checks the syntax, and creates intermediate code from your source code. The second phase is the generate phase; during this phase, the Compiler generates object code or generated code as required.
1. A piece of software that performs some self-contained function and is written such that, when deployed under a suitable environment, it is automatically loaded and executed in response to requests from client applications. The environment would normally handle administrative matters such as security and scalability automatically, so programmers writing components can concentrate on writing just business logic.
See alsoEnterprise JavaBeans (EJB),Component Object Model (COM),application server, andMicrosoft Transaction System (MTS).
2. An object which can send and receive signals. Any object can be made into a component by sending it the "makeComponent" message. Components operate in a way analogous to microchips; they define a set of inputs and outputs. A component can send output signals regardless of whether or not there is another component receiving those signals, without causing a run-time error.
An alternative name for Microsoft's OLE technology. A mechanism in Windows whereby an application can be registered with the operating system, thereby enabling other applications to call it. The application is given a numeric key, which is stored in the registry together with the application's location. A client calls the application by calling the key.
See also Distributed COM (COM), ActiveX, Microsoft Transaction System (MTS), and OLE.
A routine that you call from your program to carry out data compression or key compression on a file. Micro Focus supplies a compression routine and you can provide your own compression routines.
See also Micro Focus compression routine and user-supplied compression routine.
An area of memory containing configuration information such as environment variables and run-time tunables that the COBOL application needs to allow it to run successfully.
A standard extension mechanism for containers to provide connectivity to enterprise information systems. A connector is specific to an enterprise information system and consists of a resource adapter and application development tools for enterprise information system connectivity. The resource adapter is plugged in to a container through its support for system-level contracts defined in the connector architecture.
An architecture for integration of J2EE products with enterprise information systems. There are two parts to this architecture: a resource adapter provided by an enterprise information system vendor and the J2EE product that allows this resource adapter to plug in. This architecture defines a set of contracts that a resource adapter has to support in order to plug in to a J2EE product, for example, transactions, security, and resource management.
An entity that provides life cycle management, security, deployment, and runtime services to components. Each type of container (EJB, Web, JSP, servlet, applet, and application client) also provides component specific services.
A service in which the application container manages transactions on behalf of the COBOL application: the application container connects to resources (files and databases) and issues COMMITs, ROLLBACKS on behalf of the application.
See popup menu.
Every topic in an on-line help file has a unique context number that is used to reference that topic. The context number is used as an index into a look-up table held in the file which defines the address of each topic in the file.
You can choose the context number and define it using a .define tag. The numbers are purely arbitrary and do not reflect the structure of the file. The sequence of the topics in the source files is the only structure recognized.
More than one context number can point to the same topic.
An object that enables you to select choices or type information. Examples are entry fields, list boxes, and buttons such as check boxes, pushbuttons, radio buttons and spin buttons.
See also button.For Dialog System, see control object.
Controls the running of a COBOL program. In Dialog System, you can display the contents of the Control Block in the Screenset Animator.
See object dialog.
A set of physically identified controls,which makes each member of the group react to user actions in relation to other controls in that group. Some controls need to be grouped to operate correctly, for example, radio buttons need to be grouped so that selection of one deselects all the others.
A Dialog System object that can be added to a window object.
An example implementation of a user interface control, which is supported using functions external to Dialog System.
A token consisting of a name and value, passed to a Web browser by a server-side program.Cookies are used by server-side programs to maintain application state. For example, you could store a user id in a cookie, and use it to access an indexed file containing information about the selections a user had made in an online shopping application.
1. A file containing text, which the Compiler inserts into the main body of a COBOL program when it processes a COPY statement in that program.
2. The data block and other required information for a screenset generated by Dialog System.
A set of run units consisting of a parent run unit and all the run units created from it.
An area of code in a multi-threading program that accesses shared data. Critical sections can be protected by various synchronization primitives.
A special sort of fixed-lines topic in an on-line help file where each line contains a cross-reference to another topic. Such a topic is defined using the .list tag. It must not contain any formatting tags. When displayed, a full width cursor appears. This can be used to select a line to which you want to refer.
The first word on the line is used as the cross-reference name unless it is defined as a hotspot, in which case the hotspot cross-reference is used.
The directory that the operating system, when looking for a file, will search first if no path is specified.
The selected object that can be worked with. Distinguished by an emphasized border or size handles around it . You can change the current object by clicking on another object. Any action initiated is applied to the current object.
The current record pointer (CRP) is used to determine which record will be returned by a sequential read operation. The CRP is set by OPEN, READ and START.
When debugging, the statement currently being executed or, if none is currently being executed, the statement to be executed next.
A graphical image that shows you where text will appear on the screen when you press keys, or where you can make a selection.
A request handler written by a user to meet specific application requirements not addressed by the Micro Focus request handlers.
IBM's online transaction processing system.
An editing operation to delete text from a file and move it to the clipboard, prior to pasting it back in a different location.
See also paste.
The data definitions required by COBOL, as generated by Dialog System. Passed to Dialog System at run time.
Specified via the DATACOMPRESS directive in a $SET statement, data compression enables you to save disk space by compressing the data in a sequential or indexed file.
A Net Express data tool that allows you to convert files between different formats.
A data tool that allows you to edit data files.
A set of tools supplied with Net Express for working with data files.
In Dialog System, attributes that a window can have. They are title bar, system menu, menu bar, minimize and maximize icons, horizontal and vertical scroll bars.
The action that will be performed when Enter is pressed or a confirmation choice is selected. If you double click on a selection, the item will be selected and the default action performed on it.
A relationship between data items or between objects and the dialog that references them. For example, an entry field is dependent on the master field referenced in its properties.
The process whereby software is installed into an operational environment.
A file provided with an EJB JAR file describing how it should be deployed. For EJB 1.1, the deployment descriptor is an XML file. In EJB 1.0 the deployment descriptor is a serializable Java class. The deployment descriptor directs a deployment tool to deploy a module or application with specific container options and describes specific configuration requirements that a Deployer must resolve.
The screen area on which the windows of a user's environment appear.
In Dialog System, a mode turned on by a checkmark option. In this mode, objects are displayed relative to the real desktop rather than to Dialog System's internal desktop which is bounded by the main window. Desktop mode is the default mode on Windows.
A window that can contain controls, and asks for input from the user.
Sets of dialog functions implemented by using the CALLOUT dialog function, which provide commonly used user interface facilities.
A device-independent unit of measurement related to the size of the System font in Windows. For horizontal measurement, a dialog unit is equal to one-quarter of the average character width of the System font. For vertical measurement, a dialog unit is equal to one-eighth of the average character height of the System font. Dialog boxes and their controls are sized in dialog units to ensure that the dialog box displays correctly regardless of the user's screen resolution.
A file used by the debugger. It contains information about a program's structure and contents. The Compiler creates the dictionary file in the first phase of compilation, when checking the syntax. A dictionary file has the filename extension .idy, and is often referred to an .idy file.
Shown with reduced contrast; a way of indicating choices on a menu that are not available in the current context. Also called grayed.
Keywords used to control compilation and animation.
An ASCII text file containing one or more directives on one or more lines.
The prgoram in Enterprise Server that maintains information about enterprise server objects (enterprise servers themselves, services, service listeners, request handlers and implementation packages), distrin=butes the information to the other Enteprrise Server components and controls enterprise servers.
A file that records some of the activity occurring on the Directory Server.
The set of files that describes enterprise servers and the services, service listeners, request handlers and implementation packages associated with them.
An extension of Component Object Model (COM)enabling registered applicatons to be called remotely.
To attach a dockable window to the edge of the development environment main window.
A window that can be displayed either as an ordinary window with a border on the desktop, or as a separate pane of the development environment main window. The status of the dockable window is changed by right-clicking on it and clicking Allow docking. When this is checked and the window is moved near an edge of the main window, it becomes a pane of the main window attached to that edge.
A way of representing a document as a tree containing nodes and subnodes. W3C have standards recommendations for Document Object Models for both HTML and XML documents, and models for other types of structured document are possible. For example, Microsoft have introduced a CodeDOM for representing the source code of computer programs as part of their .NET framework.
A description of the structure and properties of a class of XML files.
A hierarchical naming system that uses a combination of text names separated by periods to create a unique name.
For example; machine2.microfocus.com
A 16-bit character set. Used, for example, to display Japanese characters.
To press and release a mouse button twice in rapid succession. Used to select an item or object and perform the default action on it (for example, double clicking on a window's system menu button closes that window).
To press and hold a mouse button, move the mouse pointer, then release the mouse button.
To press and hold a mouse button while the mouse pointer is on an object, move the mouse pointer, then release the mouse button. This moves the object to the new position. Use this method to move icons or data from a source to a destination.
The object which will receive a message is unknown when an OO COBOL program is compiled. The OO COBOL system determines the receiver at run-time.
A collective name for some new HTML features that give Web authors more control over the appearance of their Web pages and enable them to create Web pages that can change in response to user interaction. Both the Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above browser and Microsoft's Internet Explorer 4.0 or above browser support DHTML. However, their definitions of exactly what it constitutes are slightly different. Both have submitted their proposals for inclusion in HTML 4.0, the definition of which is being co-ordinated by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). DHTML provides an object-oriented view of a Web page and its elements; this is known as the Document Object Model.
An executable file in an industry standard format. Dynamic link library files have the file extension .dll, and are often known as .dll files. A dynamic link library is created by linking an .obj file.
A method of linking in which a subprogram is loaded into memory is loaded into memory when it is first called. During linking, the call is replaced by code that causes the name of the subprogram to be passed to a run-time routine. At run-time, this routine searches for the subprogram, first to see if it is already loaded, and, if not, if it exists in a dynamically linked executable of the same name. When found, and loaded if necessary, control is passed to the subprogram.
See also static linking.
A method of loading a program into memory when it is not linked to an application. A dynamically loaded program is only loaded when it is called. Dynamic loading is used for .int and .gnt files.
A method of linking that enables a program to load and use any run-time system supported by dynamic run-time system binding.
A subprogram which is linked in such a way that it will not be required at link time, but can be accessed dynamically when it is referenced at run time.
A file whose name is specified to the COBOL program via a data item referenced in the ASSIGN clause of the SELECT statement.
See also externally assigned file.
A JAR archive that contains a J2EE application.
A set of Business-to-Business (B2B)XMLspecifications developed by UN/CEFACT (United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business) and OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) to enable a modular electronic business framework.
A text box in which the user can enter information. Also called an entry field.
A set of Java classes that has been built to the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)specification, enabling it to be deployed as a component in an application server so it can be called by other applications.
Enterprise JavaBeans execute within an EJB container, which in turn executes within an EJB server. Any server that can host an EJB container and provide it with the necessary services can be an EJB server. This means that many existing servers, such as Web servers, may be extended to be EJB servers, and in fact many vendors have achieved this.
See also Web server.
HTML that is embedded within a COBOL program. It is delimited by EXEC HTML and END-EXEC statements.
In OO programming, an object's data is said to be encapsulated when you can only access or manipulate the data through the methods the object provides. To invoke a particular method, you send the object a message.
The ACCEPT and DISPLAY syntax available with this system has been extended beyond the ANSI standard to allow sophisticated handling of the screen and keyboard.
Such ACCEPT and DISPLAY syntax is referred to as enhanced or extended.
See also Adis.
A component that implements a business task or business entity and resides in an EJB container; either an entity bean or a session bean.
The applications that comprise an enterprise's existing system for handling company-wide information. These applications provide an information infrastructure for an enterprise. An enterprise information system offers a well defined set of services to its clients. These services are exposed to clients as local and/or remote interfaces. Examples of enterprise information systems include: enterprise resource planning systems, mainframe transaction processing systems, and legacy database systems.
A set of standards and mechanisms for the development and deployment of enterprise-level applications that are distributed and object-oriented. Applications written using the Enterprise JavaBeans architecture are scalable, transactional, and secure.
Since Enterprise JavaBeans is the name of a facility, the term is singular.
See also EJB component.
ASP and JSP can be regarded as equivalent facilities, with ASP being the "Microsoft-world" one and JSP the "Java-world" one.
A server that provides an execution environment for COBOL applications running as services.
Parent of all processes in an enterprise server.
A text box in which the user can enter information.
A labeled place in a piece of code where execution can begin.
1. Something done by a user, such as pressing a key, which causes a message to be sent to a window procedure or, in OO programming, an object. In Dialog System, functions can be defined in dialog as being associated with an event so they will execute when the event occurs.
2. A synchronization primitive that is used to lock a critical section so that the section is used exclusively by the thread that locked it.
A piece of code for processing an event. An event handler for a window or dialog box is an OO COBOL method. An event handler for an HTML or ActiveX layout form is written in JavaScript or JScript and embedded in the HTML page.
See event.
A processing error at run-time. Objects should be designed to raise exceptions whenever they encounter an error condition. The supplied Class Library provides a default exception handling mechanism which reports the error and shuts down the application. You can attach your own exception handling mechanisms to any class or instance object if you want a more sophisticated way of responding to exceptions.
See executable file.
Code that can be executed. The types of executable code are system executable code, dynamic link libraries, generated code and intermediate code.
A file that contains executable code, and thus can be run or executed. An executable file that can be invoked from the command line is called the trigger or main executable file, and is always a system executable file. An executable file that is dynamically linked to another program is called a dynamic link library. Intermediate code files and generated code files are executable files that can be dynamically loaded, and do not have to be linked.
A call made from a program in which the full filename of the called program is specified; for example:
call "myprog.gnt"
Compare with implicit call
When called from a program, a full filename including the extension; for example:
call "myprog.gnt"
Compare with implicit filename
In Dialog System, create a representation of a screenset in textual mode.
A notation in which you describe the structure of information in a text document by enclosing information in user-defined tags that define the syntactic elements. A flexible way to create common information formats and share both the format and the data on the World Wide Web, intranets, and elsewhere.
J2EE deployment descriptors are expressed in XML.
Used on IBM mainframes and consisting of 256 characters all of which are valid data characters which can appear in quoted text strings in source code. The letter A has the hexadecimal value x"C1" and the digit 0 has the hexadecimal value x"F0" which causes the collating sequence for letters and numbers to be reversed from ASCII.
XSL is a language for expressing stylesheets in XML documents and is the counterpart to the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) language in HTML. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), XSL consists of three parts: XSL Transformation (XSLT), XML Path Language (XPath), and XSL Formatting Objects.
A language for transforming the structure of XML documents. Used both for transforming one XML document into another XML document and for transforming XML documents to text or HTML documents.
The part of a file-name that follows the period (.). In NTFS it follows the last period.
A file that is EXTERNAL as defined by the ANSI'85 standard. It can be accessed by any program running in the run unit. Do not confuse external files with externally assigned files.
Used in on-line help files if a topic is going to be accessed from an external source. These names are held in a tree structure in the on-line help file. When a topic-name is used in a search or on entry to the On-line Help Viewer, the tree is searched for the name.
A file whose name is specified to the COBOL program via a mechanism outside the program - such as an operating system command - rather than in the ASSIGN clause of the SELECT statement.
See also dynamically assigned file.
An area on a screen defined to display or accept an elementary data item. The term is sometimes used to refer to the elementary data item.
The File Handling Redirector is a module in the COBOL system that can be used to intercept I/O requests to indexed, sequential and relative files. Depending upon how the File Handling Redirector is configured, these requests are passed directly to the Callable File Handler or to a Fileshare Server running on a remote machine. It is also possible to call the File Handling Redirector directly as it conforms to the same API as the Callable File Handler.
A Dialog System menu that enables you to work with an entire screenset.
Fileshare Client is the client portion of Fileshare Version 2.
A Fileshare Client is a user program making I/O requests to data files via the File Handling Redirector module.
Fileshare Server is the server portion of Fileshare Version 2.
A Fileshare Server accepts requests across a network from a Fileshare Client, processes them by calling a local copy of the Callable File Handler and then returns the result to the Fileshare Client.
A functional unit that protects and controls the connection of one network to other networks. The firewall prevents unwanted or unauthorized communication traffic from entering the protected network and allows only selected communication traffic to leave the protected network.
The window that will be displayed first when a screenset runs.
A block of lines in a topic of an on-line help file that is displayed exactly as written with no formatting. If no vertical alignment is needed, such a block is defined using the :lines and :elines tags. If vertical alignment is to be maintained, you must define the block as a character graphic.
A Net Express data tool that allows you to rebuild the index of a corrupt indexed file.
A topic in an on-line help file that is formatted dynamically at display time to fit in the sides of the topic window so that no horizontal scrolling is necessary. Fixed-lines blocks can extend beyond the right-hand edge of the window.
See input focus.
A rectangular border that can be used to frame other controls on a dialog box.
An HTML element which enables you to define the number and size of vertical and horizontal frames inside an HTML page. Each frame displays a separate HTML page as a subwindow inside the frameset.
A protocol used by several different types of object co-operating to implement a particular function. An individual class or instance object has a public interface which describes the way you communicate with that object. A framework describes the way in which different types of object interact together. For example, the public interface to an OrderedCollection describes how you can add, retrieve and remove elements. The Collection framework describes how OrderedCollections (and other types of collection) communicate with the objects they are storing as elements.
Dialog System functions are used in dialog to effect actions as a result of an event occurring. For example, an event such as BUTTON-SELECTED might invoke a function such as CREATE-WINDOW.
See control.
Executable code in a Micro Focus proprietary format. It is produced by the Compiler during the second phase of compilation, and is optimized intermediate code.
An executable file containing generated code. It is produced by the Compiler during the second phase of compilation, and is optimized intermediate code. Generated code files have the extension .gnt, and are often known as .gnt files.
The second phase of compilation, which converts intermediate code to native code (also called generated code).
See also generated code.
The Compiler is sometimes treated as if it is two separate compilers. The second phase of compilation is thus sometimes called the Generator.
See also generate phase
Dialog System dialog attached to a screenset. The dialog defines the behavior of the screenset in response to events that are global to the screenset. Dialog System searches the dialog attached to the current control or window. If it does not find the event, it searches the global dialog.
See also object dialog
An item (on a screen) that you can manipulate as a single unit, such as a pointer, icon, window or menu.
A user interface in which you control the working of a program by selecting icons and by selecting items from windows such as pulldown menus and dialog boxes; generally you do this by clicking with a mouse.
See dimmed.
A title and box drawn around a group of controls. This box is used to visually emphasize a group of related controls.
See also control group
A memory page (4096 bytes on Intel processors) that has special permissions set on it so that it cannot be read or written to. By placing guard pages before or after pages assigned to object storage, the run-time system can catch attempts to read or write beyond the ends of object data.
See request handler.
A control used at the top of a list box to label columns in the list box. The user can change the size of columns by dragging the header bar borders. Push button-style header bars are often used to provide a mechanism for sorting the items in the list alphabetically by values in any of the columns.
A push button on a window or dialog box that provides contextual help when pushed.
An alphabetical list of the available help topics. Accessed from the Help menu or from menu bars and Help buttons within the Help system.
The menu of help choices available from the menu bar.
A visual means (reverse video or color change) of indicating that an object or an item is selected.
An optional file-handling system in Windows NT that is compatible with OS/2. When you use it file access is very efficient, and filenames are not restricted to those consisting of 8-character basename, period, and 3-character extension. Your disk must be specially formatted to use HPFS.
A list used to store the title of each on-line help topic displayed. By accessing the list, any topic previously visited can be identified and revisited. The history list holds the last 40 items visited in the current session.
The first topic in the first source file used to create an on-line help file. The home topic is displayed whenever the On-line Help Viewer is specified with a filename but no topic-name. Additionally, the Home function causes the home topic to be displayed. The home topic should always contain a very brief overview of the information supplied in the on-line help file, and provide hotspots to enable the user to get to the various parts of the file.
See scroll bar.
A COBOL field that is referenced by OpenESQL statements. Host variables are the primary means by which data is transferred between an SQL database and COBOL applications.
A keystroke (such as Alt+I) which you can use to select a menu choice when that choice is visible.
An area in a topic of an on-line help file which, when activated, causes another topic to be displayed. Hotspots should be identified by using consistent highlighting.
A form for display in a Web browser. HTML provides form elements, which enable you to add controls such as entry fields and buttons to an HTML page. HTML forms can be displayed in any form-enabled Web browser.
See Web server .
A set of markup symbols used for formatting and layout control in files intended for display on World Wide Web browsers. HTML documents can contain links (URLs) to jump to other documents, download files, or run server-side programs.
The set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. Relative to the TCP/IP suite of protocols, which are the basis for information exchange on the Internet, HTTP is an application protocol.
A small picture representing an object or a selection choice (for example a window, project, tool, program, document, set of data, container). Windows can be minimized (reduced to icons) to save space on the desktop.
See dictionary file.
A collection of information about a COBOL application that is providing a service.
A call made from a program in which only the basename (that is the, filename without the file extension) of the called program is specified; for example:
call "myprog"
For implicit calls, the run-time system searches for files in a particular order (for example, first by seeing if there is a file of filename.gnt, then filename.int, and so on).
Compare with explicit call
A filename called from a program in which only the basename, (that is the, filename without the file extension) is specified; for example:
call "myprog"
The run-time system searches for implicit filenames in a particular order (for example, first by seeing if there is a file of filename.gnt, then filename.int, and so on).
Compare with explicit filename
Receive a representation of a screenset in textual mode. Selective import of objects is possible.
A COM server started inside the COM container window. When in-place activation occurs, the server can add its own menus and toolbars to the container.
See also COM container, COM server.
An open window that is not receiving input from the keyboard. Distinguished from the active window by a dimmed border.
A file containing text, which the Compiler inserts into the main body of a COBOL program when it processes an INCLUDE statement in that program.
See also copyfile.
The mechanism by which a subclass has access to the functionality in its superclass. A subclass always inherits all the methods of its superclass, which it can override if necessary. A subclass can also inherit the data of its superclass, although this depends on the settings in the CLASS-ID header of both the subclass and the superclass. By identifying different types of objects which have common functionality, you can implement the common methods for that functionality in a single class and inherit it in any number of subclasses.
Each class inherits all the methods of its superclass, so a class ultimately inherits all methods all the way up to a root class. A class object inherits the class methods of its superclass, and an instance object inherits the instance methods of its superclass. In this OO COBOL implementation, a class has only one immediate superclass. The superclass is named in the INHERITS clause of the CLASS-ID header.
See also subclass, superclass.
A state of the system that indicates which window receives keyboard events. A window has the focus if keyboard and mouse events are sent to it.
Defines a set of signals which a component can receive. A single component can have many input sockets, and use each each socket to connect to a different component.
See also component, signal .
1. The instructions and data that result from a single call of a recursive routine.
See also Instance Object.
2. In Dialog System, a copy of a screenset or object. You can have multiple copies of the same screenset visible on the screen at run time.
A single occurrence of an object of a particular class. Instance objects are created by sending an appropriate message (usually "new") to a class object. For example, to create a window for display on the desktop, you send the "new" message to the Window class object. The methods and data for instance objects are defined in the object program, which is nested within the class program. The object program starts with the header OBJECT and finishes with END OBJECT.
To run a program by making a single call to the program. The instructions that are executed together with the set of data produced by the unique call to the program are called an instance of the program.
A collection of information necessary to map a client request onto a COBOL program interface.
Code produced when a source program is syntax-checked. Intermediate code is executable code in a Micro Focus proprietary format.
An executable file containing intermediate code. An intermediate code file has the filename extension .int, and is often referred to an .int file.
Microsoft's Web server product.
Low level communications standard for transporting packets on the Internet.
A programming interface and a template for writing applications that run in Microsoft's Web server(IIS).
A class corresponding to a COBOL intrinsic data type. These classes are used as templates so that you can send messages to COBOL intrinsic data using the INVOKE ... AS... construct.
The process by which a Java Bean class is read in order to create a representation of the Java Bean's API. It is carried out by the Introspector class, which is part of the Java Core Reflection API.
Send a message to an object. OO COBOL defines a new verb, INVOKE, to enable you to send messages.
See Internet Protocol.
Every machine on the Internet is allocated an IP address. These are 32 bit numbers usually represented as four eight bit numbers separated by dots, for example, 198.77.127.10.
See Internet Server API.
See connector.
The runtime portion of a J2EE product. A J2EE server provides Web and/or EJB containers.
Java is a simple, robust, object-oriented, platform-independent multi-threaded, dynamic general-purpose programming environment. Its main use is for creating applets (small applications) which run inside an end-user's browser, using their machine's resources.
Used for packaging a Java applet or application together with any other classes and resources (e.g. sound or image files) it needs to run. The JAR file format is based on the Zip file format and has the extension .jar. JAR is a platform-independent file format that permits many files to be aggregated into one file.
A software development environment for writingapplets and applications in the Java programming language.
An API that provides naming and directory functionality.
A distributed object model for communications among Java programs, in which the methods of remote objects written in the Java programming language can be invoked from other Java virtual machines, possibly on different hosts.
An object-oriented programming interface from Sun Microsystems that lets you build reusable applications or program building blocks called components, which can be deployed in a network.
A Java class that can be manipulated in a visual builder tool and composed into applications. A JavaBeans component must adhere to certain property and event interface conventions.
An object-oriented scripting language for use with Web browsers. JavaScript code can be embedded on an HTML page, HTML form or ActiveX layout form. JavaScript enables you to make a page or form interactive, responding to user events (such as mouse-clicks) without the need to run a server-side program. Not all browsers support JavaScript, Netscape Navigator V2.0 or later and Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 or later both support JavaScript. Do not confuse JavaScript with Java; although they have similar syntax, Java is a full programming language which supports the creation of sophisticated applications.
An extensible Web technology that uses template data, custom elements, scripting languages, and server-side Java objects to return dynamic content to a client. Typically the template data is HTML or XML elements, and in many cases the client is a Web browser.
Since JavaServer Pages is the name of a facility, the term is singular.
See alsoJSP page and Active Server Pages (ASP). ASP and JSP can be regarded as equivalent facilities, with ASP being the "Microsoft-world" one and JSP the "Java-world" one.
A protocol- and platform-independent server-side component, written in Java. Servlets can be plugged into a Web server, dynamically extending its functionality.
Abbreviation for just-in-time, see just-in-time debugging.
A variant of JavaScript
See JavaServer Pages.
A Web page with the extension .jsp, which is recognized by the Web server as meaning it contains scripts for execution by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in the Web server.
A technique for debugging a program where the debugger is started only when the program fails.
Abbreviation for kilobyte, a measure of size of computer storage, equal to 1024 bytes.
Specified via the KEYCOMPRESS directive in a $SET statement, key compression enables you to save disk space by compressing the keys of an indexed file.
A key that provides an immediate short-cut to a function. For example, Ctrl+O is equivalent to clicking File, Open on the Net Express menu. Where keyboard shortcuts are attached to menu items, they are shown right-justified against the items to which they apply.
A collection of keyboard shortcuts.
On a structure diagram, a node with no subordinate nodes.
A file containing binary objects that can be linked into a system executable file. A common type of .lib file contains indirection references to calls in a dynamic link library, and is called an import library. The exact format of the file is platform-specific.
A file with a file extension of .lbr containing a set of other files or programs. The library file can be opened by the COBOL system or a user application to make those files or programs accessible.
The utility used to link .obj files to create system executable files or dynamic link libraries.
Using the Linker to link a program to other programs, or to a run-time system.
A structure in a topic in an on-line help file that is displayed in a specific way. Each list consists of a set of items, the start of each item being identified by an appropriate tag. The start and end of each list is also identified by a tag. A list item can contain further lists. The presentation of these embedded lists reflects the depth of embedding.
There are several types of lists: simple lists, unordered lists, ordered lists, definition lists and parameter lists.
See simple list box.
See service listener.
A faster form of static linking, in which calls are resolved at link-time. Calls are litlinked if call convention 8 is used on the call, or if the program is compiled using the LITLINK compiler directive. As the name implies, a litlinked call must use a literal rather than a data-name.
A topic-name that can only be referenced from a single on-line help file. Such a name is identified by a leading "at" character (@). The On-line Help Builder converts all local topic-names to context numbers. Local topic-names cannot start with a digit.
An event defined for a particular object, and raised by the object as a result of an event from the end-user. For example, a dialog box might define logical events to represent OK and Cancel, raising OK when the OK button is clicked and Cancel when the Cancel button is clicked. The parent of the dialog box can register interest in the OK and Cancel logical events, so that it can act on these events without knowing the details of the dialog box controls.
See also event.
See native code.
The executable file that is invoked from the command line to start an application. Also sometimes known as the root executable file.
The first (or primary) window in Dialog System. Dialog System opens in desktop mode.
The process of associating corresponding elements in two sets of information.
The field in the Data Block that stores input from an entry field. An entry field is dependent on its master field.
See also dependency.
To enlarge a window to its maximum size (the full size of the screen).
A button labeled with a bitmap in the top right corner of a window. Pushing this button maximizes the window.
Abbreviation for megabyte, a measure of size of computer storage, equal to 1024 kilobytes.
Multiple Document Interface.
Memory no longer needed, but not deallocated by the OO system. An application should finalize an object when it is no longer required. When an application no longer has a handle to an object which still exists, the object is effectively unreachable, and can no longer be finalized. This is a memory leak.
A list of the command choices available in a window.
A set of pulldown menus providing access to the commands available for the window.
See choice.
A short description of the effect of a menu item, displayed in the status bar of the window whenever the menu item is highlighted.
See choice.
In object-oriented programming, a message invokes a method when sent to an object. The method invoked matches the message sent. The text of the message is known as the method selector. The INVOKE verb enables you to send messages. For example:
INVOKE anOrange "peel" returning segments.
The method selector "peel" invokes the peel method in anOrange. Data is returned from the method in data item segments.
In API programming, a message consists of a symbolic name and associated data parameters. A message is put in an application's message queue to inform it that a certain event has occurred.
Ensuring that each message is delivered to the right object. Binding can be dynamic or static. In a statically bound object-oriented programming system (OOPS), the receiver of a message is determined at compile-time. In a dynamically bound OOPS, the receiver of a message is determined at run-time. This release of OO COBOL supports dynamic binding only.
A special type of dialog box that provides information or notes the state of work in progress, gives a warning, asks a question or highlights an error.
In API programming, a loop structure in the main window procedure that retrieves messages from an application's message queue and relays them (posts them) to the appropriate object for further processing.
A first in-first out buffer that stores messages for an object until the object is ready to process them. In API programming, the message queue for an application is set up by the operating system in response to the application's initialization request.
Enables the creation of class objects. All class objects are instances of the metaclass object. In OO COBOL, the metaclass is Behavior, which is part of the Class Library. All classes inherit the instance methods of Behavior, even root classes, because all classes are instances of Behavior.
See also class object, instance object, root class.
Code manipulating or interrogating the data within an object. In OO COBOL, each method is coded as a nested program within a class.
A Micro Focus routine used to carry out data compression. It does it through a form of run length encoding. The routine is stored in a module called CBLDCnnn. You can specify up to 127 such routines.
See also compression routine and user-supplied compression routine.
An environment available for Windows, under whichCOM objects can be deployed so they will be loaded and run in response to requests from client applications. MTS handles administrative matters such as security and scalability automatically, so programmers writing components can concentrate on writing just business logic.
MTS running COM objects, and an application server running EJB components, can be regarded as similar facilities, with MTS being the "Microsoft-world" one and application servers the "Java-world" one.
To reduce a window to its minimum size (an icon).
A pushbutton labeled with a bitmap, appearing to the left of the maximize button in the top right corner of a window. Pushing this button minimizes the window.
A Micro Focus version of the LDAP, or Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. MLDAP enables program clients to locate services and other objects in the Directory Server repository.
A dialog box that requires the end-user to supply information or cancel the dialog box before the application can continue. When a modal dialog box is active, the end-user can't set focus to any of the other windows or dialog boxes in the application.
A dialog box that allows the end-user to supply information and return to the previous task without closing the dialog box.
A synchronization primitive that enables critical sections to be accessed by multiple threads for some operations (such as reading data), but to be locked by a single thread for exclusive operations (such as writing data).
A button on a mouse that may be clicked, double-clicked, pressed, released or dragged (held down while the mouse is moved). The mouse buttons may be configured to move, size or select objects.
A change in the state of a mouse, such as a button being pressed or the mouse being moved.
The visual representation of the mouse pointing device. The shape may vary depending on the actions taking place.
A Dialog System control object that enables users to input more than one line of text.
The ability to select more than one item (for example, in a list) where the items are not necessarily contiguous.
A term used to describe:
An environment where more than one user can be active simultaneously.
A synchronization primitive that is used to lock critical sections so that the section is used exclusively by the thread that locked it.
A namespace is a unique identifier that indicates the names of particular data elements or attributes used within an XML file.
A set of associations between distinct, atomic people-friendly identifiers and objects.
Maps a given name to the corresponding object reference stored under that name.
The code that the microprocessor understands directly without the need for an interpreter. Also known as native machine code. It will only run on machines containing the appropriate microprocessor.
Programming interface and template for writing applications that run in Netscape's Web servers.
National Language Support.
Refers to a point, typically an element or attribute, in a schema tree.