A character (
) used to indicate that a checkmark choice is turned on.
Absence of the checkmark means the option is off.
See also toggle and checkmark choice.
! A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z
The section headed "!" contains entries beginning with digits, punctuation marks, and other special characters. However, filename extensions, although shown with their preceding periods (for example, .int), appear under their initial letters.
An operating system that uses 16-bit segmented addressing. Examples are DOS and Windows 3.x.
See also 32-bit environment.
On the mainframe, the use of 24 bits (or three bytes) to hold addresses of memory. 24 bits can address memory up to 16Mb. This limit is known as the line. Mainframe Express emulates both 24-bit addressing and 31-bit addressing by mapping mainframe-style above and below the line addresses to real 32-bit PC memory addresses.
On the mainframe, the use of 31 bits (or four bytes excluding bit 0) to hold addresses of memory. 31 bits can address memory up to 2Gb. Mainframe Express emulates both 24-bit addressing and 31-bit addressing by mapping mainframe-style above and below the line addresses to real 32-bit PC memory addresses.
An operating system that uses 32-bit flat addressing. Examples are Windows 95 and Windows NT.
See also 16-bit environment.
IBM family of display terminals, keyboards, and printers supported via SDLC or TN3270 protocol which includes extended 3270 data stream. CICS BMS screen mapping support was designed specifically for these devices.
Software that enables a PC to provide a 3270-type user interface to CICS Option. The terminal emulator detects the screen size of the device running it, and passes this to the terminal installation process.
A file output by the Linkage Editor containing an executable Assembler module that can be called by a COBOL program.
Abnormal termination of an MVS mainframe task with a system or user-specified termination code of 0C7 for a data exception or 0C5 for an addressing exception.
In Micro Focus OO COBOL, a class which does not act as a creator of instance objects. Abstract classes implement behavior for their subclasses.
A technique for organizing and moving data between main storage and input/output devices.
A defined task that an application performs on an object. You request actions by selecting menu choices, pressing buttons or directly manipulating objects.
See also graphical object.
A mechanism in some Web servers, enabling Web pages to contain server-side scripts. Such a page, when requested by a browser, is executed by the Web server instead of simply being sent. The scripts should be written to generate valid HTML. The Web server then sends the page to the browser, with the scripts replaced by the generated HTML.
See ASP page.
The scripts can be written in any scripting language supported by the ASP engine in the Web server. The most popular is VBScript, which has a syntax resembling a simplified Visual Basic. Another is JScript. The version of JScript in Netscape Web servers is called JavaScript. (Despite a superficial similarity in syntax, JScript and JavaScript have no connection whatever with the Java programming language.)
Since Active Server Pages is the name of a facility, the term is singular.
ASP and JavaServer Pages (JSP)and can be regarded as equivalent facilities, with ASP being the "Microsoft-world" one and JSP the "Java-world" one.
The window that can currently receive input from the keyboard, distinguished by an emphasized title bar and border.
See also current object.
A custom control built on COM technology. Custom controls can encapsulate quite complex functionality. For example, you can purchase grid controls that enable you to embed spreadsheet types of functionality into your application.
A form, for display in a Web browser, which uses the Microsoft ActiveX layout control. You can place the controls anywhere on an ActiveX layout form, and your form will appear in a Web browser exactly as intended. This contrasts with a traditional HTML form, where the final appearance of your form is determined by the way a Web browser interprets HTML markup.
ActiveX layout forms can only be displayed by ActiveX-enabled Web browsers, such as Internet Explorer 4.0 or above.
The run-time support module that executes the code generated from the Enhanced ACCEPT/DISPLAY syntax available in this COBOL system.
See also Enhanced ACCEPT/DISPLAY.
A characteristic of a program that indicates whether it uses 24-bit addressing or 31-bit addressing.
In Mainframe Express, the function of defining a data set to the catalog. In TSO, the function of assigning a data set for use by a program.
An index containing alternate keys.
A key in a record that enables indexed access to the record and provides an alternative route to the record, in addition to the primary key.
An alternative term for the COBOL and Assembler debuggers.
Abbreviations referring to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards covering the COBOL language. ANSI'74 is the American National Standard X3.23-1974, and ANSI'85 is the ANS X3.23-1985.
The character set specified by the American National Standards Institute, and used by Microsoft Windows.
A PC format for the exchange of data between databases.
Calls to public entry points within a program - such as the Windows operating system - made according to a documented call interface. The calls can be made from any compatible programming language, including this COBOL system.
IBM's Application Peer to Peer Communication implemented over both SNA and TCP/IP networks.
A component that typically executes in a Web browser, but can execute in a variety of other applications or devices that support the applet programming model.
A set of programs and subprograms which are invoked from a single command.
A version of the run-time system modified to run in a special Enterprise Server mode.
Developing a COBOL application by painting its user interface forms and specifying rules describing how to process them, rather than coding the source directly in COBOL. Sometimes referred to as framework development.
See also traditional .
A service in an enterprise server in which the COBOL application manages its own transactions: the application issues its own COMMITs, ROLLBACKS etc.
A window in the Mainframe Express IDE used to display the output from an executed program.
A set of documented function calls implemented within a program - such as an operating system - that can be called by other programs to enable them to use common services.
An environment in which you run and/or test application programs.
Component Servicesrunning COM+ objects, and an application server running EJB components, can be regarded as similar facilities, with Component Services being the "Microsoft-world" one and application servers the "Java-world" one.
The directory where a source code control system stores your files and the changes that have been made to them.
Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, the code used for storing text in microcomputers. Each character is stored in one byte. There are two forms: standard and extended. In the standard form, seven bits are used, and 128 different characters are represented. This COBOL system uses the extended form, in which all eight bits are used and 256 different characters are represented.
A Web page with the extension .asp, which is recognized by the Web server as meaning it contains scripts for execution by the ASP engine in the Web server.
A machine-level symbolic programming language that is used on IBM mainframes.
A component of Assembler Option that reads an ANSI text file containing Assembler source code, macro statements and copy statements and produces a file containing non-executable object code plus an optional listing file.
See Linkage Editor.
An option of Mainframe Express that provides facilities for coding, compiling, running and debugging modules and applications written in mainframe 390 Assembler.
An assembly is one or more .exe or .dll files that make up a Visual Studio .NET-based application. Assemblies are created automatically when you compile Visual Studio .NET source files. Assemblies provide the common language runtime with the information it needs to be aware of type implementations.
An assembly manifest is contained within every assembly. It can be thought of as being similar to a table of contents, and contains:
A list of all external dependencies - .dlls or other files your application needs that may have been created by someone else.
The data encapsulated by an object. The only data which should be declared as part of an object's attributes is the data required to describe the object's state at any particular time. For example, the attributes of a circle are its radius and the coordinates of its center. The actual code for implementing circle objects might require other data items for calculations, but these would not be considered part of the attributes for that object.
A feature of Mainframe Express and Net Express that automatically corrects typing errors.
The process by which a terminal definition is created dynamically for a terminal when a user signs on at the terminal. The terminal definition is created and installed by an Autoinstall Control Program, using a model definition in the Terminal table.
The program that handles the creation, installation, and deletion of a terminal definition for autoinstalled terminals. A program is supplied with CICS Option to perform this function. However, you can specify your own ACP in the SIT.
A facility associated with intrapartition transient data queues. When the number of records in such a queue reaches a specified trigger level, a transaction program associated with the queue is automatically initiated to process the contents of the queue.
A bitmap image optionally displayed on the Mainframe Express and Net Express window.
See rollback.
A Data File Editor mode in which each data file is backed up when it is opened, so that it can be restored if necessary.
The process of restoring resources to a known previous state after CICS Option, or an individual transaction, has abended.
An Assembler source file that only contains machine instructions, all macros and copybooks having been expanded.
An image that can be displayed when Mainframe Express and Net Express start.
The root class of the OO COBOL Class Library. All other OO COBOL programs supplied with this system inherit their fundamental behavior from Base.
The component of an ESDS file that contains the actual file data. You may associate one or more alternate indexes with the same base file.
The IBM System/390 architecture includes 16 general purpose 32 bit registers which can all be specified as base registers for providing addressability to a 4K page of memory.
The main part of a filename, that is, the name excluding the path, extension and separators such as "\" and ".".
An access method for sequential processing of fixed and variable length blocks on sequential access storage devices. Blocks in a BSAM data set or file are organized in the physical sequence in which they were written. A block may contain one or more records and the user program is responsible for any processing needed to access individual logical records within a block.
An IMS batch processing program that has access to on-line databases and message queues. BMPs run on-line, but like programs in a batch environment they are started with job control language (JCL) commands.
A Micro Focus protocol for passing information between a J2EE connector and a service.
An SQL Option utility that enables you to create static SQL packages in a remote DB2 location accessed using DRDA.
See binary protocol .
A fixed-size graphic such as those used for toolbar buttons, icons, or mouse pointers.
A Dialog System object used mainly for decoration, to draw attention to buttons or to place items such as logos in a window or dialog box.
The current thread stops execution until some condition is satisfied. This condition varies; for example, in the case of an event, the event is posted, in the case of a mutex, the mutex is acquired, in the case of a monitor, the request privilege on the monitor can be acquired.
The selection of columns or lines of text.
A mainframe record format that allows several records to be moved as a group between an external storage device and processor storage. This can improve data access times. It is not supported in a PC environment, but is accepted as a valid format definition by Mainframe Express.
A file containing a collection of macros that define a collection of BMS maps, known as a mapset.
A tool in CICS Option. You use the painter to design BMS maps and mapsets on your screen. The painter also generates COBOL copybooks for a mapset and assembles mapsets for use by CICS Option.
See also paint.
A user-defined index entry in an on-line help file. You set a bookmark at any point in any topic and give it a name. This is then stored, in alphabetic order, in a list of bookmarks. Bookmarks are retained between executions of the On-line Help Builder. Accessing a defined bookmark from an alphabetically ordered list immediately displays the topic it is attached to. It is useful to attach bookmarks to frequently accessed topics. However, they can also be used as a temporary means of marking your place while you go off and browse other topics.
A visual indication of the boundaries of an object such as a window or a push button.
See also sizable border.
The limits of a table or array. The BOUND directive determines if compiled code will allow bounds to be exceeded.
A point in a program where execution will pause when you are animating it; you set breakpoints in the debugger.
A sequence of topics that the author of an on-line help file has chained together. The chain can be browsed forward and backward by the user. Use this facility to connect together topics of a similar subject. If no browse chains are defined, the whole on-line help file becomes a browse chain, with each topic chained to the physically preceding and following topics.
A thread that can both read and write data. During a read operation, a browser needs to allow other threads to read the data. If the browser writes data, other threads must be disallowed access to the data.
Or
A program used to view material prepared for the World Wide Web. Browsers are able to interpret URL's and HTML markup, and also understand several Internet protocols.
An edit field that is associated with an up/down control and is used to display the current value set in the control. The buddy window receives messages directly from the up/down control.
The process of converting source code to executable code. Typically, building an application might involve preprocessing header files, syntax checking and compiling the source code, and linking the resulting object code to produce a system executable file.
Settings that apply to a type of file or the currently selected file, and that control the way the file will be built or compiled.
Another term for business rules.
The specific business logic carried out by an application, as opposed to standard tasks such as I/O and handling the user interface.
Remote communication between applications running on different companies' computers, where one company is a customer or partner of the other. Often suggested as an area where Web Services might be useful.
A control you can use to start an action or select behavior. Examples are check boxes, pushbuttons, radio buttons and spin buttons.
See also control and pushbutton.
A set of pushbuttons labeled with text representing application commands.
See also pushbutton.
An object oriented programming language.
A temporary storage area. The SourceConnect function uses a user-defined directory on the PC as a local cache to store mainframe data sets while they are being processed by a PC application.
A definition of the syntax of a CALL statement using placeholders instead of real parameters. Call prototypes are used in header and copyfiles to enable the Compiler to check that CALL statements in your code conform to the specified syntax, and to raise an error message if they do not.
A viewable list of the CALLs and PERFORMs active during an execution of a program.
The Callable File Handler is a module in the COBOL system that processes index, sequential and relative files. As a defined API is available to this module, it is called the Callable File Handler as it can be called directly from any program (not only those written in COBOL).
An object of class CallBack stores a reference to an object and the name of a method implemented by that object. When the CallBack object is sent the "invoke" message, it executes the named method in the object it has stored.
The COBOL program that calls Dialog System using the screenset as the user interface.
An addition to the HTML standard which enables presentation information to be separated from structure in an HTML document. Styles can be attached to HTML elements, through a STYLE attribute on an individual element, a <STYLE>...</STYLE> block which names element types in the head of an HTML document, or through separate .css files. Styles can also be defined as classes in a .css file or <STYLE>...</STYLE> block, and attached to elements through the CLASS attribute.
Stylesheets cascade through a system of precedence, whereby styles in .css files have the lowest precedence, and those declared in a STYLE attribute have the highest.
In Mainframe Express, the data structure that is used to store information about mainframe data sets that are accessed from the PC. It should not be confused with the MVS catalog which also stores data set information, but for mainframe use only. In Mainframe Express, the MVS catalog is emulated (in order to support the CATLG disposition) by means of the Catalog field in the Mainframe Express catalog entries. A value of Yes indicates that the data set is cataloged in the MVS catalog.
A view in the Mainframe Express IDE that shows the properties of all data sets that have been cataloged to Mainframe Express.
A file containing COBOL source code.
A simplified linking utility with a command-line interface. You can use Cbllink to compile and link in one step.
A linking utility that you must run before you use the Linker. Cblnames extracts all public symbols from a list of .obj files passed to it and creates another file (cbllds.obj) which must then be linked with your .obj files.
Either Common Communications Interface, a Micro Focus technology or Common Client Interface, a Sun technology for J2EE.
The CCITCP2 process is a registration program which is needed in order to make CCITCP connections. The process runs in background mode. Only a single CCITCP2 process needs to be active on a network in order for CCITCP to work.
A shorthand way of describing a standard maintained by the defunct Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique and its successor the International Telecommunication Union.
When creating a topic in an on-line help file, pictures can be created from the standard characters available. These are called character graphics. In order to maintain the vertical alignment of these graphics the lines are blocked together using the :cgraphic and :ecgraphic tags. The access and display programs ensure that the vertical alignment is maintained when a character graphic block is displayed, by specifying a monospaced font for those lines.
A system of one-byte codes that is used to represent information stored in a computer. In general, ASCII is used in a PC environment and EBCDIC in a mainframe environment.
An instance of the class CharacterArray. A CharacterArray is an object which contains a string of any length. CharacterArrays are a convenient way of passing strings as parameters when sending messages or making CALLs.
See also messages.
A square box with associated text that represents a choice. When selected, it is marked with a checkmark. You deselect it by repeating the action that selected it, for example, by clicking on it again. Check boxes are used for a set of choices that are not mutually exclusive.
To create a new, modified version of a file you have previously checked out in a source code control system.
To obtain a modifiable copy of a file under source code control. The source code control system marks the file as locked to other users, so that only one person can update it at a time.
The first phase of compilation, which checks the syntax of your COBOL source program and produces intermediate code.
See also intermediate code.
The two phases of compilation are sometimes treated as if they were two separate compilers. The first phase of compilation is thus sometimes called the Checker.
See also check phase.
A character () used to indicate that a checkmark choice is turned on.
Absence of the checkmark means the option is off.
See also toggle and checkmark choice.
A choice in a menu which has two states, on and off. Clicking on the option turns the checkmark on or off, toggling between the two states.
A point at which IMS automatically records its internal status (system control information with a unique checkpoint ID) and writes it to the restart data set (RDS). This information allows IMS to reconstruct its condition if later recovery is necessary. A system checkpoint is taken automatically by IMS at selected intervals.
A run unit created by another run unit.
A segment that is dependent on another segment above it in an hierarchical database.
A window whose parent is another window, not the desktop. In Microsoft Windows, child windows are restricted in their properties and attributes. In Dialog System, child windows are called secondary windows.
Graphics or text that a user can select to modify or manipulate an object. Choices appear on menus (also called menu items) and buttons.
Pressing both mouse buttons simultaneously.
A background process that runs when you start a multi-tasking CICS region. It is responsible for coordinating access to the global console file, and for spawning new transaction server processes for all regions.
An option of Mainframe Express that enables you to develop and maintain programs that use IBM's CICS online transaction processing software.
A view in the Mainframe Express IDE that lets you define CICS resources and manipulate CICS resource groups and the startup list.
An OO COBOL source element which contains the code and data descriptions for a class object (or factory, in ISO 2002 teminology) and its instance objects. It is also known as the class source element. A class consists of nested COBOL source elements, which correspond to class object (factory) and instance object methods. Each class starts with an identifier naming the class and the class from which it inherits. When a class is loaded at run time, the OO run-time system creates the class object (factory).
In Micro Focus OO COBOL, lists all the classes the program is going to use. The Class-Control paragraph is part of the Object Section, in the Environment Division. Each entry links a class name to the filename of the class executable file. The class-names are the object references which the program uses for sending messages to the class object at run time.
The equivalent in ISO 2002 OO COBOL is the Repository paragraph.
If the program itself is an OO COBOL class, the Class-Control paragraph also lists its superclass, and the class itself.
See also: class, class object, object reference, Repository paragraph, and superclass.
In Micro Focus OO COBOL, an object which is a template for the creation of instance objects of the same type. For example, the the OrderedCollection class object creates instances of OrderedCollection. The class object itself does not have the same behavior and methods as the instance objects which it creates.
By analogy, a biscuit cutter is a template for creating biscuits; however, you can't eat a biscuit cutter and you can't stamp a biscuit from another biscuit. In Micro Focus OO COBOL, all the methods and data for a class object and the instance objects which it creates are represented by a class program.
The class object is created at run time when a class is loaded.
The equivalent in ISO 2002 OO COBOL is the factory.
The set of classes supplied with OO COBOL. The root class of the Class Library, Base, implements basic behavior for all classes, and provides a superclass for your own classes. There are also classes to implement collections, exception handlers, CallBacks, and GUI interfaces.
See class.
An environment variable, used by the Java system, to locate compiled .class files.
To press and release a mouse button (from the noise that this action makes).
To press and hold a mouse button and move the mouse pointer in the desired direction and then release the button.
The user of a service. In the context of Web Services, it is usually an application that invokes a Web service
The part of a window that constitutes the available workspace for an application.
A secondary window opened by an application.
The technology that allows a user facility, known as a client, to request services from a shared facility, known as a server. For example, a server could be used to store data that is used by many clients.
A storage area used to hold data (text or graphics) temporarily during cut and paste operations.
How a secondary window is displayed in Dialog System. A window is clipped if any part of it that would overlap the boundary of the parent window is not displayed. A window is not clipped if it overlaps the boundary of the parent window. Secondary windows may have different properties depending on whether they are clipped or not.
See secondary window (clipped) and secondary window (non-clipped).
A list of TSO commands that can be run as a procedure.
The process of copying a project and its source files to a different directory (using a different name if required) whilst keeping all the dependencies and build settings intact. Useful for creating a working version of an existing project whilst keeping the original intact.
See Common Language Runtime .
An environment variable that contains a list of the paths of the COBOL system directories. Each path is separated from the next by a semicolon (;).
Generate... on the Dialog System File menu creates a COPY-file from the Data Block. ds-cntrl.ans and ds-cntrl.mf are COPY-files representing the Dialog System Control Block. dssysinf.cpy represents the Dialog System Event Block.
One of a number of implementations of COBOL for use in particular environments.
A set of directories which are automatically searched by the COBOL run-time system to locate programs. They are identified by the COBDIR environment variable. The files of the COBOL system should be kept in the COBOL system directories.
A definition of the relationship between the 256 code points and their equivalent character interpretations.
One of the 256 values that can be held in one byte and its equivalent character interpretation.
A type of object used for storing a group of elements. Collections are analogous to tables in COBOL, but unlike a table, a collection is not necessarily fixed to an initial size, but can grow as more elements are added. The elements in a collection are usually objects, although you can also store certain types of string and numeric data. The Micro Focus OO COBOL Class Library provides many different types of collection, which organize data in different ways.
An operation used in database queries that applies to the values from several rows. DB2 Column functions include SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, COUNT, STDDEV, and VARIANCE.
A type of block selection in which the action of dragging the mouse over text selects columns of text.
See Component Services.
A COM object that has been registered with the Windows operating system and can be accessed by a client program.
See also Component Object Model (COM) and COM object
See COM object.
A COM enabled application that acts as a COM client to enable the embedding of documents created with COM Automation servers.
See also Component Object Model (COM)
An object created using the COM framework that enables access to a legacy program from a client program. When registered with the Windows operating system, a COM object is called a COM Automation server.
See also Component Object Model (COM) and COM Automation server.
Also known as combo box or selection list box.
See selection list box.
In CICS an area of storage used for communication between two programs or between two transactions using the same terminal. This storage is allocated on program request in the shared memory area used by CICS Option, and may be up to 32767 bytes long.
The action of applying the results of a logical unit-of-work to a database. In CICS Option and IMS Option terms, this is a syncpoint.
The Common Client Interface (CCI) is defined by Sun. It is an application programming interface (API) for J2EE resource adapters (also known loosely as connectors) that connect to Enterprise Information Servers (EISs), such as Enterprise Server for Windows.
The Common Communications Interface (CCI) is an application programming interface (API) which enables application designers to build platform and protocol independent communications into their applications.
A standard for external gateway programs to interface with information servers such as HTTP servers. CGI programs are usually run when an end user enters some information into an HTML or ActiveX layout form displayed on a Web browser, and clicks a Submit button. The CGI program receives the information from the form, and sends back a result for display on the Web browser.
CGI and CGI program are terms often used to describe any kind of server-side program which runs on a Web server. Net Express tools create CGI programs, which you can convert to other Web server APIs (ISAPI or NSAPI) by recompiling and rebuilding.
The Microsoft .NET Common Language Runtime is responsible for run-time code management, undertaking such tasks as memory and thread management, and security enforcement. Programs that are written to make use of the CLR are known as managed code. Programs that do not make use of the CLR are known as unmanaged code.
A high level language for communications, part of IBM's Systems Application Architecture. It supports SNA LU 6.2 which is commonly referred to as APPC.
A part of the shared memory area used by CICS Option.
A server that accepts client requests arriving at multiple IP addresses and sends responses to them. Handles a variety of communications protocols.
A shared MVS table of commonly used information accessible from any Assembler program using its address which is always stored at hexadecimal location h'10' in the PSA.
A standard that defines how computers are to communicate with each other.
The component that checks the syntax of your COBOL source program, and converts it to native code.
The Compiler operates in two phases. The first phase is called the check phase; during this phase, the compiler checks the syntax, and creates intermediate code from your source code. The second phase is the generate phase; during this phase, the Compiler generates object code or generated code as required.
See also Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), Component Object Model (COM), application server, and Component Services (COM+).
A mechanism in Windows whereby an application can be registered with the operating system, thereby enabling other applications to call it. The application is given a numeric key, which is stored in the registry together with the application's location. A client calls the application by calling the key.
See also COM Automation server, COM object., Distributed COM (DCOM), ActiveX, Component Services, and
A Microsoft product available for Windows that provides a transaction processing system for developing, deploying, and managing Internet, and intranet server applications. Component Services define an application programming model for developing, deploying, and managing distributed applications.
Component Services running COM+, and an application server running EJB components can be regarded as similar facilities, with Component Services being the "Microsoft-world" one and application servers the "Java-world" one.
See also Distributed COM.
Source code that is displayed so that only the lines marked in the prefix area are visible.
A routine that you call from your program to carry out data compression or key compression on a file. Micro Focus supplies a compression routine and you can provide your own compression routines.
See also Micro Focus compression routine and user-supplied compression routine.
A group of two or more data sets that are processed as single data set. It is defined in a jobstream with consecutive DD statements, with a DD name only on the first statement.
A search path containing several levels of library, folder and subfolder.
An operator that links two string operands to form a string expression. DB2 uses the symbol ( || ) as a synonym for CONCAT, the concatenation operator.
A record layout that is applied to a record only if a particular field meets a defined condition.
An area of memory containing configuration information such as environment variables and run-time tunables that the COBOL application running as a service in an enterprise server needs to allow it to run successfully.
A standard extension mechanism for containers to provide connectivity to enterprise information systems. A connector is specific to an enterprise information system and consists of a resource adapter and application development tools for enterprise information system connectivity. The resource adapter is plugged in to a container through its support for system-level contracts defined in the connector architecture.
An architecture for integration of J2EE products with enterprise information systems. There are two parts to this architecture: a resource adapter provided by an enterprise information system vendor and the J2EE product that allows this resource adapter to plug in. This architecture defines a set of contracts that a resource adapter has to support in order to plug in to a J2EE product, for example, transactions, security, and resource management.
An entity that provides life cycle management, security, deployment, and runtime services to components. Each type of container (EJB, Web, JSP, servlet, applet, and application client) also provides component specific services.
A service in which the application container manages transactions on behalf of the COBOL application: the application container connects to resources (files and databases) and issues COMMITs, ROLLBACKS on behalf of the application.
See popup menu.
Every topic in an on-line help file has a unique context number that is used to reference that topic. The context number is used as an index into a look-up table held in the file which defines the address of each topic in the file.
You can choose the context number and define it using a .define tag. The numbers are purely arbitrary and do not reflect the structure of the file. The sequence of the topics in the source files is the only structure recognized.
More than one context number can point to the same topic.
An object that enables you to select choices or type information. Examples are entry fields, list boxes, and buttons such as check boxes, pushbuttons, radio buttons and spin buttons.
See also button.For Dialog System, see control object.
Controls the running of a COBOL program. In Dialog System, you can display the contents of the Control Block in the Screenset Animator.
See object dialog.
A set of physically identified controls,which makes each member of the group react to user actions in relation to other controls in that group. Some controls need to be grouped to operate correctly, for example, radio buttons need to be grouped so that selection of one deselects all the others.
A Dialog System object that can be added to a window object.
The part of a program specified as a relocatable unit, all elements of which are to be loaded into adjoining storage locations for execution.
An example implementation of a user interface control, which is supported using functions external to Dialog System.
A file extension that is defined as part of the configuration for Mainframe Access.
An optional facility allowing a user's application program to accumulate information acquired through multiple interchanges with a terminal, even though the program terminates between interchanges.
A token consisting of a name and value, passed to a Web browser by a server-side program.Cookies are used by server-side programs to maintain application state. For example, you could store a user id in a cookie, and use it to access an indexed file containing information about the selections a user had made in an online shopping application.
A file containing text which the compiler inserts into the main body of a program when a COPY statement is processed.
Debugging that takes place on a core dump produced when an application fails.
A set of run units consisting of a parent run unit and all the run units created from it.
A file used in CPI-C products to hold configuration information.
A file containing a copybook.
An area of code in a multi-threading program that accesses shared data. Critical sections can be protected by various synchronization primitives.
A special sort of fixed-lines topic in an on-line help file where each line contains a cross-reference to another topic. Such a topic is defined using the .list tag. It must not contain any formatting tags. When displayed, a full width cursor appears. This can be used to select a line to which you want to refer.
The first word on the line is used as the cross-reference name unless it is defined as a hotspot, in which case the hotspot cross-reference is used.
See Control Section.
The directory that the operating system, when looking for a file, will search first if no path is specified.
The folder that the operating system, when looking for a file, will search first if no path is specified.
The selected object that can be worked with. Distinguished by an emphasized border or size handles around it . You can change the current object by clicking on another object. Any action initiated is applied to the current object.
The current record pointer (CRP) is used to determine which record will be returned by a sequential read operation. The CRP is set by OPEN, READ and START.
When debugging, the statement currently being executed or, if none is currently being executed, the statement to be executed next.
A graphical image that shows you where text will appear on the screen when you press keys, or where you can make a selection.
A development tool that has been created in-house or by a supplier other than Micro Focus.
IBM's online transaction processing system.
An editing operation to delete text from a file and move it to the clipboard, before pasting it back in a different location.
See also paste.
See Direct Access.
The data definitions required by COBOL, as generated by Dialog System. Passed to Dialog System at run time.
Specified via the DATACOMPRESS directive in a $SET statement, data compression enables you to save disk space by compressing the data in a sequential or indexed file.
A control block used to define a file for a QSAM or BSAM data set. It contains the DDNAME that is used in JCL jobstreams and TSO sessions to link a file defined in a program to a physical file.
A situation in which a user is trying to access data which is locked by another user.
A sequence of SQL statements used to define objects in a DB2 database.
A Mainframe Express and Net Express data tool that allows you to convert files between different formats.
A data tool that allows you to edit data files.
The programming interface to IMS services, similar to an API.
A library that holds data files required by your application that have not been allocated through the system catalog.
A sequence of SQL statements used to manipulate data in a DB2 database.
44 character name assigned to a file in MVS. The data set name is stored in the MVS catalog along with information required to locate the file on a specific device.
A method of arranging and accessing the records in a data set, for example, Direct Access.
A set of tools supplied with Mainframe Express and Net Express for working with data files.
A definition of a database. Each database that is accessed by a program needs to be defined by performing a DBDGEN.
See location.
See query.
In IMS Option, the root segment and all of its physical children.
A named collection of data that is conceptually organized in rows and columns.
A Micro Focus facility that allows applications running in Mainframe Express to access data sets and databases on the mainframe.
A Micro Focus facility that enables you to change the current data for an application before or while you are debugging it.
IMS database.
IBM's version of SQL with extensions implemented on both mainframe and PC platforms.
A component of Host Compatibility Option that converts all EXEC SQL statements to database API CALL statements and also allows programs that expect data to be in EBCDIC to store and access data in an ANSI database.
A feature of SQL Option for DB2 that enables you to access data in DB2 databases held on a mainframe.
File that contains database data for import or export in DBMAUI format.
File created by the SQL precompiler that contains a separate database request module for each embedded SQL statement in a program.
Creates a hierarchical map of a single DBD.
Is performed when a .DBD source file is compiled.
An IBM utility that enables data to be imported into and exported from DB2 databases. DBMAUI format is similar to ANSI delimited.
A general purpose utility for issuing DL/I calls dynamically, printing databases, and database management.
IMS Data Communications.
See Data Control Block.
A Host Compatibility Option utility that enables you to create copybooks containing the host variables needed by your Embedded SQL statements.
Eight-character data filename used in JCL DD statements and TSO ALLOC statements.
A component of Mainframe Express and Net Express that allows you to run a program interactively to observe its progress and more easily identify and fix bugs.
An SQL Option utility that automates the creation of copybooks containing the host variables needed by your Embedded SQL statements to access a specific table.
In Dialog System, attributes that a window can have. They are title bar, system menu, menu bar, minimize and maximize icons, horizontal and vertical scroll bars.
The action that will be performed when Enter is pressed or a confirmation choice is selected. If you double click on a selection, the item will be selected and the default action performed on it.
A record layout that is used if there are no other record layouts or if none of the conditional record layouts are applicable.
File that contains database data for import or export in ANSI delimited format.
A relationship between data items or between objects and the dialog that references them. For example, an entry field is dependent on the master field referenced in its properties.
The process whereby software is installed into an operational environment.
A library containing files that are called by other files, such as copybooks.
A file provided with an EJB JAR file describing how it should be deployed. For EJB 1.1, the deployment descriptor is an XML file. In EJB 1.0 the deployment descriptor is a serializable Java class. The deployment descriptor directs a deployment tool to deploy a module or application with specific container options and describes specific configuration requirements that a Deployer must resolve.
The screen area on which the windows of a user's environment appear.
In Dialog System, a mode turned on by a checkmark option. In this mode, objects are displayed relative to the real desktop rather than to Dialog System's internal desktop which is bounded by the main window. Desktop mode is the default mode on Windows.
A CICS Resource Definition Table (RDT) whose entries describe transient data queues.
A view in the Mainframe Express IDE that shows a list of all the entities of the type selected in the tree view.
An MVS utility that performs sort and merge operations.
The MVS IMS application program, used to start IMS especially from JCL.
File that contains a specification of what files to process and what files to produce during a batch run of the Declaration Generator utility.
A character that has an accent.
A window that can contain controls, and asks for input from the user.
Sets of dialog functions implemented by using the CALLOUT dialog function, which provide commonly used user interface facilities.
A device-independent unit of measurement related to the size of the System font in Windows. For horizontal measurement, a dialog unit is equal to one-quarter of the average character width of the System font. For vertical measurement, a dialog unit is equal to one-eighth of the average character height of the System font. Dialog boxes and their controls are sized in dialog units to ensure that the dialog box displays correctly regardless of the user's screen resolution.
A file used by the debugger. It contains information about a program's structure and contents. The Compiler creates the dictionary file in the first phase of compilation, when checking the syntax. A dictionary file has the filename extension .idy, and is often referred to an .idy file.
Shown with reduced contrast; a way of indicating choices on a menu that are not available in the current context. Also called grayed.
A mainframe data set organization in which data is retrieved and stored by reference to its location in a data set rather than relative to the previously stored or accessed data.
A variant of Direct Access that means that the data set cannot be moved between physical devices on the mainframe. Documentary only on Mainframe Express.
Keywords used to control compilation and animation.
An ASCII text file containing one or more directives on one or more lines.
The program in Enterprise Server that maintains information about enterprise server objects (enterprise servers themselves, services, service listeners, request handlers and implementation packages), distributes the information to the other Enteprrise Server components and controls enterprise servers.
A file that records some of the activity occurring on the Directory Server.
The set of files that describes enterprise servers and the services, service listeners, request handlers and implementation packages associated with them.
The state of a data set, as defined in a DD statement. A disposition can be defined for the state before processing (such as NEW or OLD) and after processing (such as KEEP or CATLG).
An extension of Component Object Model (COM)enabling registered applications to be called remotely.
A facility that allows one transaction program to call another transaction program on a remote CICS region.
An intercommunications facility that allows a transaction running in CICS Option to communicate with a transaction running in another system.
A stand-alone program running outside a control region.
To attach a dockable window to the edge of the development environment main window.
A window that can be displayed either as an ordinary window with a border on the desktop, or as a separate pane of the development environment main window. The status of the dockable window is changed by right-clicking on it and clicking Allow docking. When this is checked and the window is moved near an edge of the main window, it becomes a pane of the main window attached to that edge.
A way of representing a document as a tree containing nodes and subnodes. W3C have standards recommendations for Document Object Models for both HTML and XML documents, and models for other types of structured document are possible. For example, Microsoft have introduced a CodeDOM for representing the source code of computer programs as part of their .NET framework.
A description of the structure and properties of a class of XML files.
A hierarchical naming system that uses a combination of text names separated by periods to create a unique name.
For example; machine2.microfocus.com
Disk Operating System/Virtual Storage Extended. An IBM operating system.
A 16-bit character set. Used, for example, to display Japanese characters.
To press and release a mouse button twice in rapid succession. Used to select an item or object and perform the default action on it (for example, double clicking on a window's system menu button closes that window).
To press and hold a mouse button, move the mouse pointer, then release the mouse button.
To press and hold a mouse button while the mouse pointer is on an object, move the mouse pointer, then release the mouse button. This moves the object to the new position. Use this method to move icons or data from a source to a destination.
Distributed Relational Database Architecture. A standard architecture that defines formats and protocols to provide transparent access to remote data.
File that contains database data for import or export in DSNTIAUL format.
A Host Compatibility Option utility that translates SQL error codes into text messages.
An IBM utility that enables data in EBCDIC to be imported into and exported from DB2 databases.
A key in an indexed file for which more than one record in the file can have the same value.
An Assembler facility that enables a program to allocate data sets during execution.
A Host Compatibility Option utility that allows you to bind a program against a database while it is running.
The object which will receive a message is unknown when an OO COBOL program is compiled. The OO COBOL system determines the receiver at run time.
A collective name for some new HTML features that give Web authors more control over the appearance of their Web pages and enable them to create Web pages that can change in response to user interaction. Both the Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above browser and Microsoft's Internet Explorer 4.0 or above browser support DHTML. However, their definitions of exactly what it constitutes are slightly different. Both have submitted their proposals for inclusion in HTML 4.0, the definition of which is being co-ordinated by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). DHTML provides an object-oriented view of a Web page and its elements; this is known as the Document Object Model.
An executable file in an industry standard format. Dynamic link library files have the file extension .dll, and are often known as .dll files. A dynamic link library is created by linking an .obj file.
A method of linking in which a subprogram is loaded into memory is loaded into memory when it is first called. During linking, the call is replaced by code that causes the name of the subprogram to be passed to a run-time routine. At run time, this routine searches for the subprogram, first to see if it is already loaded, and, if not, if it exists in a dynamically linked executable of the same name. When found, and loaded if necessary, control is passed to the subprogram.
See also static linking.
A method of loading a program into memory when it is not linked to an application. A dynamically loaded program is only loaded when it is called. Dynamic loading is used for .int and .gnt files.
A method of linking that enables a program to load and use any run-time system supported by dynamic run-time system binding.
A subprogram which is linked in such a way that it will not be required at link time, but can be accessed dynamically when it is referenced at run time.
A file whose name is specified to the COBOL program via a data item referenced in the ASSIGN clause of the SELECT statement.
See also externally assigned file.
A JAR archive that contains a J2EE application.
A software entity created by Component Generator. It is a unit of work that drives a series of 3270 CICS or IMS transactions. For example, a new eBiz Transaction might combine legacy CICS transactions where the end user is working through a hierarchy of input or menu screens to reach one output screen. The eBiz Transaction is a package of business functionality. Since it may require a sequence of screen interactions to complete one unit of business function, that entire sequence can be conveniently packaged together and invoked as a single unit.
A set of Business-to-Business (B2B) XMLspecifications developed by UN/CEFACT (United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business) and OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) to enable a modular electronic business framework.
A text box in which the user can enter information. Also called an entry field.
A definition of the behavior of Mainframe Express and Net Express facilities for editing source files and other text files of a particular type.
A set of Java classes that has been built to the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) specification, enabling it to be deployed as a component in an application server so it can be called by other applications.
Enterprise JavaBeans execute within an EJB container, which in turn executes within an EJB server. Any server that can host an EJB container and provide it with the necessary services can be an EJB server. This means that many existing servers, such as Web servers, may be extended to be EJB servers, and in fact many vendors have achieved this.
See also Web server .
HTML that is embedded within a COBOL program. It is delimited by EXEC HTML and END-EXEC statements.
SQL statements that are contained in COBOL programs within delimiters.
The process by which a function in one environment is performed in a different environment. For example, Mainframe Express emulates many mainframe functions in a PC environment.
In OO programming, an object's data is said to be encapsulated when you can only access or manipulate the data through the methods the object provides. To invoke a particular method, you send the object a message.
The ACCEPT and DISPLAY syntax available with this system has been extended beyond the ANSI standard to allow sophisticated handling of the screen and keyboard.
Such ACCEPT and DISPLAY syntax is referred to as enhanced or extended.
See also Adis.
A component that implements a business task or business entity and resides in an EJB container; either an entity bean or a session bean.
The applications that comprise an enterprise's existing system for handling company-wide information. These applications provide an information infrastructure for an enterprise. An enterprise information system offers a well defined set of services to its clients. These services are exposed to clients as local and/or remote interfaces. Examples of enterprise information systems include: enterprise resource planning systems, mainframe transaction processing systems, and legacy database systems.
A set of standards and mechanisms for the development and deployment of enterprise-level applications that are distributed and object-oriented. Applications written using the Enterprise JavaBeans architecture are scalable, transactional, and secure.
Since Enterprise JavaBeans is the name of a facility, the term is singular.
See also EJB component.
ASP and JSP can be regarded as equivalent facilities, with ASP being the "Microsoft-world" one and JSP the "Java-world" one.
A server that provides an execution environment for COBOL applications running as services.
A user interface to the Directory Server that runs in a Web browser.
Parent of all processes in an enterprise server.
A text box in which the user can enter information.
A labeled place in a piece of code where execution can begin.
A component of Mainframe Express that enables an application to find all the entry points in a program, including entry points in programs that have not yet been loaded.
A VSAM file with ES record format.
A VSAM record format where records are stored in the order they were entered.
A piece of code for processing an event. An event handler for a window or dialog box is an OO COBOL method. An event handler for an HTML or ActiveX layout form is written in JavaScript or JScript and embedded in the HTML page.
See event .
A processing error at run time. Objects should be designed to raise exceptions whenever they encounter an error condition. The supplied Class Library provides a default exception handling mechanism which reports the error and shuts down the application. You can attach your own exception handling mechanisms to any factory, class or instance object if you want a more sophisticated way of responding to exceptions.
See executable file .
Source code extensions for application languages including COBOL, Assembler, and PL/1 which require a pre-processor to expand the extensions into equivalent call statements in the specific programming language.
Source code extensions for application languages including COBOL which require a pre-processor to expand the extensions into equivalent call statements in the specific programming language.
Source code extensions for application languages including COBOL and PL/I which require a pre-processor to expand the extensions into equivalent call statements in the specific programming language.
The JCL statement in a job step that defines the program to be executed. It can specify the program explicitly or specify a cataloged procedure that contains the EXEC statement that defines the program.
Code that can be executed. The types of executable code are system executable code, dynamic link libraries, generated code and intermediate code.
A file that contains executable code, and thus can be run or executed. An executable file that can be invoked from the command line is called the trigger or main executable file, and is always a system executable file. An executable file that is dynamically linked to another program is called a dynamic link library. Intermediate code files and generated code files are executable files that can be dynamically loaded, and do not have to be linked.
The statement in a program that is the next to be executed.
A program you can supply to alter the behavior of system software at specified points.
File that contains a specification of how to export data from an XDB database to a file.
Source code that is displayed with all lines visible.
A call made from a program in which the full filename of the called program is specified; for example:
call "myprog.gnt"
Compare with implicit call
When called from a program, a full filename including the extension; for example:
call "myprog.gnt"
Compare with implicit filename
In Dialog System, create a representation of a screenset in textual mode.
A notation in which you describe the structure of information in a text document by enclosing information in user-defined tags that define the syntactic elements. A flexible way to create common information formats and share both the format and the data on the World Wide Web, intranets, and elsewhere.
J2EE deployment descriptors are expressed in XML.
Used on IBM mainframes and consisting of 256 characters all of which are valid data characters which can appear in quoted text strings in source code. The letter A has the hexadecimal value x"C1" and the digit 0 has the hexadecimal value x"F0" which causes the collating sequence for letters and numbers to be reversed from ASCII.
XSL is a language for expressing stylesheets in XML documents and is the counterpart to the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) language in HTML. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), XSL consists of three parts: XSL Transformation (XSLT), XML Path Language (XPath), and XSL Formatting Objects.
A language for transforming the structure of XML documents. Used both for transforming one XML document into another XML document and for transforming XML documents to text or HTML documents.
The part of a filename that follows the period (.). In NTFS it follows the last period.
In Mainframe Access, a file extension used in place of the default value in specified circumstances.
An application programming interface that enables programs other than transaction programs to obtain CICS Option services.
A file that is EXTERNAL as defined by the ANSI'85 standard. It can be accessed by any program running in the run unit. Do not confuse external files with externally assigned files.